Psalm 52 is the 52nd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Why boastest thou thyself in mischief, O mighty man?". In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 51. In Latin, it is known as "Quid gloriatur in malitia", It is described as a maskil, attributed to David, and is said to have been written "when Doeg the Edomite went and told Saul, and said to him, "David has gone to the house of Ahimelech". In this psalm, David criticises those who use their talents for evil.
The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant liturgies.
Context
The psalm's sub-heading refers to the occasion reported in 1 Samuel 21–22 when Doeg, the chief herdsman of Saul, the first king of Israel, informed Saul that David had been received by Ahimelech at Nob, a priestly town in the vicinity of Jerusalem, and assisted with the means for his flight. Alexander Kirkpatrick observes that "the character denounced in the Psalm is in some respects such as we may suppose Doeg to have been. He was a man of wealth and importance as the chief of Saul’s herdmen (or, according to the LXX, the keeper of his mules). His tongue was "a deceitful tongue", because although the facts he reported were true, he helped to confirm Saul in a false and cruel suspicion.
However, Kirkpatrick notes that
the entire absence of any reference to the cold-blooded and sacrilegious murder of the priests at Nob, in which Doeg acted as Saul’s agent, when all his other officers shrank from executing his brutal order, makes it difficult, if not impossible, to suppose that the Psalm was really written by David on that occasion, unless we could assume that it was composed after Doeg’s information was given but before the massacre was perpetrated, which is wholly improbable.
Instead, he argues that
Just sufficient appropriateness may be traced to account for the title having been prefixed by the compiler of this division of the Psalter, or for the Psalm having been connected with the story of Doeg in some historical work from which the compiler took it.
Latin divisions
This psalm opens the second section of the three traditional divisions of the Latin psalter, and for this reason the first words (Quid gloriatur in malitia qui potens est iniquitate...), and above all the initial "Q", were often greatly enlarged in illuminated manuscript psalters, following the pattern of the Beatus initials at the start of Psalm 1, and the "D" of Psalm 102.
Psalm form
According to Hermann Gunkel's system of classification, Psalm 52 was conditionally classified as an Individual Psalm of Trust, one that demonstrates an expression of trust or confidence in YHWH's assistant to the petitioner.
Book of Common Prayer
In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the tenth day of the month.
Musical settings
Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a paraphrase of Psalm 52 in German, "Was trotzst denn du, Tyrann, so hoch", SWV 149, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.
Text
The following table shows the Hebrew text of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic text come from different textual traditions. In the Septuagint, this psalm is numbered Psalm 51.
Notes
References
External links
- Pieces with text from Psalm 52: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Psalm 52: Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Text of Psalm 52 according to the 1928 Psalter
- Psalms Chapter 52 text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
- Tehillim — Psalms 52 (Judaica Press) translation with Rashi's commentary at Chabad.org
- For the leader. A maskil of David, when Doeg the Edomite entered and reported to Saul, saying to him: “David has entered the house of Ahimelech." / Why do you glory in what is evil, you who are mighty by the mercy of God? text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
- Psalm 52:1 introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
- Psalm 52 – Praying About the Man Who Loved Evil enduringword.com
- Psalm 52 / Refrain: I trust in the goodness of God for ever and ever. Church of England
- Psalm 52 at biblegateway.com
- Hymns for Psalm 52 hymnary.org
